Programming Languages

Program at the Level of Abstraction That Works for You

From Beryllium for higher-level programming to Hydrogen for precise assembly-like control, Triple Alpha’s programming languages let you write code at a level that suits your use case and expertise—without changing tools.

Go beyond static circuits

The freedom and flexibility to build the quantum applications that your project demands 

Most traditional quantum programming frameworks restrict developers to static circuits, limiting expressivity and making algorithm design difficult. Triple Alpha removes that constraint with Turing-complete languages that support mid-circuit measurements, indefinite loops, concurrent classical-quantum computation, and more.

Horizon Quantum’s programming languages

Beryllium

Beryllium is Horizon’s object-oriented quantum programming language. It introduces familiar constructs to quantum programs—classes, functions, and libraries—allowing developers to define reusable quantum data types analogous to those used in today’s classical programming languages. By separating algorithmic intent from implementation details, Beryllium empowers programmers to focus on what quantum algorithms should do, rather than worry about the low-level construction details.

Beryllium applies familiar object-oriented programming principles to quantum software development. Triple Alpha users can build complex programs by reusing and extending previously defined components. Using simple classical and quantum building blocks, programmers can progressively create richer, higher-level structures. Shifting the focus from how quantum information is physically represented and processed to how it can be structured and transformed, Beryllium raises the level of abstraction and makes the development and implementation of quantum algorithms more efficient and more accessible to programmers without deep quantum expertise.

Beryllium lets developers think in terms of information structure rather than qubits and low-level processing details. Designed to prioritise modularity and reusability, it makes it easier for new programs to draw from an expanding library of shared components. With this modular approach, Beryllium can create a powerful network effect well-documented in mature software ecosystems: reusable libraries lower development effort, accelerate application development, and attract a broader developer community.

Key advantages

  • Turing completeness
  • Object-oriented programming
  • Familiar programming constructs
  • Reusable components
  • Support for objects combining classical and quantum data
  • Compatible with Helium and Hydrogen
  • Gate- and pulse-level control

Helium

Helium is a BASIC-like language that simplifies the development of complex quantum applications. It lets users write classical and quantum operations together in a single, unified program, introducing familiar control structures—loops, conditionals, and subroutines—into quantum programs. Helium also supports concurrent classical/quantum workflows, enabling the creation of programs that interact with classical systems during execution.

Helium provides a medium level of abstraction that balances developer control with simplicity. It can generate partial quantum circuits from C/C++, manage memory dynamically, and adapt program flow during execution. As a Turing-complete language, Helium can express algorithms of arbitrary complexity, including those whose runtime can’t be determined in advance—unlocking a broader range of applications than traditional quantum programming frameworks.

Triple Alpha lets developers compile existing C and C++ functions directly into partial quantum circuits, making them available as callable subroutines within Helium. This capability means users can bring familiar classical code into their quantum programs without hand-designing complex reversible circuits or gate-level logic. They just have to provide a simple configuration file that specifies the function they want to use, the entry point to the classical code, and optimisation settings to navigate performance trade-offs. The compiler automatically handles the rest—translating their code into efficient, ready-to-use quantum instructions. The result? Faster integration, fewer implementation details to manage, and more time to focus on algorithm design.

Key advantages

  • Turing completeness
  • BASIC-like quantum programming
  • Subroutines from C/C++
  • Familiar control structures
  • External input/output support
  • Compatibility with Hydrogen
  • Gate- and pulse-level control

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a low-level, architecture-agnostic assembly language that sits below Helium. It supports user-defined instruction sets that can be compiled for almost any system, giving developers flexibility across hardware platforms.

Hydrogen represents control flow constructs from Helium—such as conditionals and definite and indefinite loops—through code blocks and conditional jumps that capture the logical structure of higher-level programs while exposing the full power of the hardware. Structured like nodes in a flow chart, each block contains a list of instructions. When the program reaches a branch point, Horizon’s execution infrastructure supplies the information required to proceed, allowing programs to respond dynamically.

Providing a low level of abstraction, Hydrogen gives quantum experts fine-grained control over their programs. Developers can optimise performance and specify quantum operations directly at the gate and pulse levels, while Triple Alpha’s compiler handles gate synthesis, topology-aware optimisation, and hardware mapping, producing execution-ready code. By abstracting hardware constraints, Hydrogen enables advanced tasks such as error mitigation, noise studies, and calibration routines.

Key advantages

  • Turing completeness
  • Flexible control flow
  • Custom instruction sets
  • Concurrent classical computation
  • Architecture agnostic
  • Gate- and pulse-level control

Hardware

The hardware level is the lowest layer in Triple Alpha, giving developers direct, fine-grained control over specific quantum processors. Programs at this level are written using a processor’s native operations and must account for its physical constraints—such as the number of qubits and connectivity graphs.

Triple Alpha users can write in a hardware provider’s framework of choice, such as OpenQASM or Quil, to target individual devices with maximum precision, allowing developers to fully exploit the capabilities of their chosen system while still leveraging Triple Alpha’s deployment infrastructure to run and manage hardware-specific programs efficiently.

Key advantages

  • Supports Hydrogen language
  • Supports external frameworks
  • Quantum processor specific
  • Enables hardware execution
  • Deployable as an API
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